A temperature-type model for describing the relationship between fungal growth and water activity.

Growth of Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria alternata at their respective optimum temperatures was studied in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium at different water activities (a(w)) adjusted with glycerol. The growth rate (mu) was expressed as the increase in colony radius per unit of time. This paper extends the model that showed the relationship between temperature and bacterial growth rate developed by Rosso et al. [J. Theor. Biol. 162 (1993) 447] to describe the influence of a(w) on fungal development. An excellent correlation between the experimental data and the model predictions was obtained, the regression coefficients (r2) were greater than 0.990, with the exception of that for A. flavus (r2 = 0.982). In addition, the use of such a model allows predictions of the cardinal water activities: a(wmin), a(wopt) and a(wmax). The estimation of the minimum water activity (a(wmin)) was in accordance with data literature for all the moulds considered here, but seemed to be slightly underestimated for P. chrysogenum and A. flavus when compared to our experimental values. The estimations of the optimal water activity (a(wopt)) and the optimal growth rate (muopt) were in excellent agreement to the experimental results for the four moulds. Through this example, it is suggested that the same approach for modelling can be used for various microorganisms (e.g. bacteria and moulds), and different environmental parameters (e.g. temperature and water activity).